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Phallus ravenelii
''Phallus ravenelii'', commonly known as Ravenel's stinkhorn, is a fungus found in eastern North America. Its mushrooms commonly grow in large clusters and are noted for their foul odor and phallic shape when mature. It is saprobic, and as such it is encountered in a wide variety of habitats rich in wood debris, from forests to mulched gardens or sawdust piles in urban areas. It appears from August to October. The fruit body emerges from a pink or lavender-colored egg to form a tall, cylindrical, hollow and spongy white stalk with a bell-shaped cap. The remains of the egg persist as a white to pink or lilac volva at the base of the stalk. The cap is covered in a foul-smelling olive-green spore slime, which attracts insects that help to spread the spores. Sometimes, the cap has a "veil" attached—a thin membrane that hangs underneath. The lack of a roughly ridged and pitted cap differentiates it from the closely related ''Phallus impudicus''. The fungus is named after Henry William Ravenel, a botanist who first discovered it in 1846, though it remained undescribed until 1873. It is considered to be an edible mushroom while in its egg form.
==Taxonomy==
The species was first described officially in the scientific literature by English mycologist Miles Berkeley in an 1873 publication.〔 Berkeley obtained the specimens from Moses Ashley Curtis, which had in turn been sent to him by Ravenel from collections he made at the Santee River in South Carolina in 1846.〔 Although the specimen had been sent with Ravenel's extensive collection notes, Berkeley's description was brief, and he neglected to mention the veil. American Curtis Gates Lloyd later disparaged the quality of Berkeley's description, and noted "he was so busy that he could not take the time to consider the details, and his "description" tells nothing of the leading characters of the species."〔 Charles Horton Peck, upon encountering the fungus in North America, could not identify it using Berkeley's description, and instead had to contact Ravenel to obtain his original collection notes before he could confirm its identity. Peck later wrote a full description of the species.〔 In 1898,〔 Edward Angus Burt placed the taxon in the genus ''Dictyophora'', based on the presence of the veil.〔 Otto Kuntze transferred the taxon to the genus ''Aedycia'' (now equivalent with ''Mutinus''),〔 resulting in the synonym ''Aedycia ravenelii''.〔 The mushroom is commonly known as the eastern stinkhorn〔 or Ravenel's stinkhorn.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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